editing glossary

What is editing?

How many cuts are used?

How long are shots on screen for?

How are they ordered?

Is editing fast or slow?

Is there any editing effects?

Transitions

The most common is a straight cut, it keeps continuing.

Dissolve – this is a gradual change where one shot fades to another. It can sometimes indicate passing time.

Fade to black/white – this is where one shot fades in or out to form a black or white screen, this can give the sense of flashbacks.

Fade in/out – this is a where it fades to a black screen or fades out of a black screen; this is usually used for peace mostly at the end or beginning of a film. It also gives the montage affect and can also show progression of time.

Crosscutting – this is where actions are cut between 2 scenes, this can create links and tension for example when there is 2 story lines.

Wipe – a wipe is where a line wipes across the screen showing a transition from one shot to another. This could change the time or location of the scene.

Jump cut – this is a dramatic cut at the beginning or the end of something, sometimes it can look very bad if it’s not done properly. It disorientates you when you’re watching the film.

Visual effects – they are a few different visual effect for example the most popular is an old effect on the screen where it is a dull colour and a bit jump. Also a cctv camera because its different.

Sound

Diegetic – this is a sound where you can hear thing from the actual footage for example the voices and thing that are happening in the shot like the sea or a car.

Non-diegetic – this sound is the music and all the sound effects that are put into the shot.

Continuity editing – this maintains a spatial relationship in a film; it also gives the film rhythm. It can also show reactions and actions.

                                                   

glossary

Glossary

camera shots

Extreme wide shot – the view is so far from the main focus that it is barely visible.

Wide shot – this is where the subject is in the full frame.

Mid shot – this shot shows more detail of it but is still giving impression of the whole subject.

Close up – a close up is where a certain part of the subject is filling the full frame for example a close up of someone’s face to show facial expressions. Extreme close up – this is where they are extremely close to the subject ad shows amazing detail for example if you had a close up of someone’s eyes it would show how they was feeling because of the extreme close up would show facial expression.

Two shot – this is where there are two subjects being focused on similar to a mid-shot.

Over the shoulder shot – this is where the audience will be looking over someone’s shoulder to another person.

Point of view shot – this is where you will be seeing the same as the other person.

Weather shot – this is where there is a good shot of the weather and that is the main focus on that part.

Composition

Rule of thirds – this is when you divide your page into 9 segment 2 vertical and 2 horizontal lines. This would add balance and interest to your shot.

Balancing elements – this is when you place the main focus just off centre to create a different effect with the shot but in the large space left place something will less importance to balance the shot.

Leading lines – this is where you use very obvious and visual lines (of any shape, curvy, bent or straight) and each can be used to enhance the photos composition.

Symmetry and pattern – this is where you use patterns and symmetry to create a focus on a certain shot, this also creates tension.

Background – is you have a plain background then the focus image will be enhanced a lot more and very bold because of the plain background.

Framing

Natural – this is a frame with the environment for example fields, woods or the jungle.

Original – a frame that feel original and the main subject had a plain background or a original background.

Edited – this is a background that has been changed from a green screen to a moving image or a still.

Cropping – this is where you cut out a still from the background so you can change it.

Camera movement

Pan – this is where the camera is moved horizontally across the screen from left to right or right to left.

Tilt – this is when the camera is moved up and down (vertically) down the screen to show the depth of something.

Dolly – this is when you move either towards the subject or away from the subject to either show detail or to show the size of something.

Truck - this is the movement past or alongside something for example a train.

Arc – this is where the camera circles the main subject for example if the camera was walking around a person to show all the way round but it is very difficult to do when you are using free hand.

Hand held – this is when the camera is being held to film with because sometimes it may be easier.

Ariel shot – this is usually shot from a helicopter to show the city or the beginning of a film because it will show the location it will be set in.

Zoom – this is when you get closer to something or further away for example of you was using a long shot and you wanted to be close up you would zoom in.

Camera angles

Bird’s eye view – this is a view looking directly overhead from something or looking down but straight down.

High angle – this is when the camera is looking down on something for example it would be like someone standing on the top of the stairs looking down at someone at the bottom on this stairs this will create a sense of power.

Low angle – this is a shot taken from below, which is the same as the high angle but opposite for example if someone was at the bottom of the stairs looking at someone at the top of the stairs.

Eye level – this is a shot which focuses on the persons face with their expressions and emotions which is similar to a POV shot.

Canted angle – this is when the camera is titled so the screen or shot isn’t level.

Focus pull – this is when the subject is the main focus because the background has been blurred out so you know what to focus on and also makes the main subject more visible and bold on the screen.

compostion of the film orphan

orphan

This shot is a 3 shot from the thriller "orphan" this shows the parents in the foreground and the little girl in the background. the little girl in the background is made to look smaller and less dominant than the parents. Their eye line is at the same level which shows the symmetry in this shot and the balancing o the screen because they are both on wither side of the screen and the little girl is in the middle. This is also a mid shot because you are able to see from their head to their belly. this shows the expression on their faces and how happy they are, but you cannot see all the details of the young girl in the background because its not a close up shot. most of what they are wearing is very dark and black, this could signify that something bad will happen with them or their family. There isn't much background but they background is the car and out of the windows which you can see snow, this also fits in with the costumes they are wearing.

jaws composition

Jaws

This shot in a close up because you can see all of his facial details but isn’t an extreme close up because all of his face is shown. Chief broody is in the foreground and the shark is in the background because the shark is in the sea and he isn’t. Chief broody is also looking at the camera to show that he is including the audience in with the action. There isn’t much background because their being taken up by the shark and the man. Chief broody is squinting his eye which shows the lighting is very bright and the there are shinny parts on the shark which shows the sun light. This shot gives the effect of fear because you know the shark is close but you don’t know what will happen because he would get eaten or he could get away.

 

 

This shot is a 3 shot of three men. This is also a mid-shot because they can’t see all their bodies but most of their bodies are in he shot. The background is made up more of the sea than anything else; this is to show where they are and what they are doing. This shot is very light because they are out in the middle of the sea and their clothes are very blue coloured due to the scenery.  The shot is very symmetrical because the shot is very balanced. This shot gives he effect that something is going to happen because they are all looking in the same direction and all looking at the same thing.

This is a tilt shot; this means the screen it tilted to make the shot look more affected. This is also a long shot because you can see the majority of his body but you can’t see all the details of his face and his facial expression. A lot of the background is the boat because it shows the wreckage that has been caused by the shark. Parts of the shot is light and parts are dark this just creates shadows. This shot gives a mysterious effect because this looks like something bad will happen.

 

the purge composition

The Purge

 

 

 

 

 

 

This is a clip from the film The Purge, this shows two females in the shot one of them are in the foreground and one is in the background. The person in the background is a mid-shot and the person in the foreground in a close up, this is because the person in the background is showing more of her body and you can see what she is holding. Whereas the girl in the foreground is only showing her head, this is because it emphasizes there masks and shows there expressions even though they are wearing masks.

 This shot uses a focus pull because the background has been blurred out; this is because they want you to focus more on the characters than the background.

This is a balancing element because this shot has two people in it which balances the screen image.